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Understanding the Environmental Impact of Traditional Video Production

The film and video industry has a significant environmental footprint, driven by high-powered lighting, extensive set construction, and large crews traveling across multiple locations. These activities collectively result in substantial carbon emissions. For instance, a small production generates an average of 391 metric tons of CO₂, while larger productions can emit up to 3,370 metric tons—equivalent to powering 656 homes for a year. Addressing these environmental impacts is critical for transitioning to a more sustainable industry. In response, many production companies are implementing waste reduction strategies and prioritizing eco-friendly practices to mitigate their carbon footprint. (source)

The Entertainment Industry’s Carbon Footprint

In the past, films typically had one or two months of shooting before moving on to post-production. Now, it’s common for films to shoot for several months, then start reshoots filming later due to script changes or studio notes. This is primarily due to marketing choices and the prevalence of social media. People can view snippets or teasers and give their honest ­and often brutal opinions, which sometimes leads to companies back-tracking and delaying film releases to catch up their “mistakes”.

A recent example of this is the controversy surrounding Disney’s remake of Snow White, featuring actresses Rachel Zegler and Gal Gadot. Reshoots are planned for the beginning of 2025, which delays the release date to sometime further down the line. Another example, this time detailing the potential carbon footprint of Hollywood productions, is the infamous Barbie Movie (July 2023).
Aside from the obvious emissions stemming from the manufacture and sales of the actual dolls (7.8kg CO2 per child, Mattel accounts for at least 39 metric tons of CO2 emissions yearly (as of 2022, so it has most likely greatly increased since). Though the movie advocates the use of recycled and bioplastics, it generated trends in sales of Barbie merchandise as well as hot-pink paint, the worldwide supply of which was emptied.

Another huge contributor to the world’s CO2 emissions is video streaming, a service that pretty much everyone uses. Streaming platforms like Netflix, Disney+ and Amazon Prime boast non-negligible advantages like low costs and easy on-demand access to almost any movie or TV show.
However, they also emit about 300 million tons of CO2 YEARLY.
According to The Carbon Trust, an hour of video on Netflix roughly equates to driving a city car for 300 meters. In 2021 (so again, maybe double this to equate to 2025 usage), the platform recorded a viewing time of 6 billion hours. This isn’t a total, it’s just the first 28 days following the release of 10 selected programs, the most popular ones. That’s equivalent to 1.8 billion km of driving, which is ridiculously huge.

The Physical Waste that Video Generates

Video production creates a lot of physical waste daily, whether it be single-use plastics, leftover food from catering, printed scripts, costumes, props and more. This is without even beginning to include the trash generated from cinemas and theatres after the movie is released.

High value productions for movies and TV show custom sets made from non-recyclable materials, such as styrofoam, wood treated with toxic chemicals, or single-use plastics, frequently end up in landfills, contributing to long-lasting environmental poisoning and pollution. What happens with all these things after the filming wraps?

Some end up in museums, others at actors’ houses and private collections, with a few that make it to E-bay. The vast majority actually end up being abandoned, whether that be left in a storage unit, thrown away and ending up in a landfill, or literally left on site.

A whole bunch of sets are known for being unmoved and deserted since the production’s end, such as the Hobbiton from The Lord of the Rings (2001) and The Hobbit (2013).

Other examples are the replica of the Plaszow Camp in Krakow, Poland for Schindler’s List (1993), the Port Royale from Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)  in St. Vincent and Tatooine from Star Wars III: Revenge of the Sith (2005).

The media spins this as an opportunity for fans to visit the iconic areas in real life, though it really comes down to carelessness on the part of the companies involved. That said, it may cost more in time and energy (both human and power) to undo the set design.

Still, it is worth something to plan accordingly and be able to pack up when the time comes, leaving the land how it was when production began. Especially since hype always dies down, and even the most touristically attractive sets become barren wastelands after enough time goes by.

This not only represents a huge amount of material waste that will take decades if not centuries to break down, but also destruction to otherwise scenic locations.

The local biodiversity of such places is already at risk when a production decides to move in.

Leaving artificial trees, fences, docks, houses and full villages behind is unthinkable, yet there exists a plethora of ghost towns like the entirety of District 12 from the Hunger Games (2012), which ironically fits with the plot of the story.

Sustainable Practices on Video Sets and on Location

Lighting, cameras, and other sound and video production equipment demand a significant amount of energy during long shooting days, contributing heavily to the industry’s carbon emissions. Although energy-efficient technologies have advanced in recent years, many productions still rely on older, power-hungry equipment that increases environmental strain. A crucial step in reducing this impact is transitioning to rechargeable batteries, which can be used across multiple projects and recycled properly at the end of their life cycle. This not only reduces waste but also minimizes the need for disposable batteries, further curbing environmental harm.

In addition to battery improvements, the use of renewable energy sources—such as solar power, wind, or biofuels—can provide more sustainable energy for productions.

For example, integrating solar panels or biofuel-powered generators on set can replace traditional fossil fuel-powered options, reducing the carbon footprint associated with energy generation, especially for outdoor shoots.

Solar-rechargeable battery packs and portable power banks are becoming increasingly popular for on-location energy needs, offering a clean, cost-effective, and reliable alternative to conventional power sources.

Video studio spaces and sound stages also contribute to emissions, particularly due to their high heating and cooling demands. Maintaining comfortable temperatures for cast and crew throughout long shooting days can be energy-intensive, especially when heating or air conditioning systems are constantly running.
A simple yet effective solution is improving insulation in these spaces, which helps to stabilize indoor temperatures, reducing the need for constant heating or cooling. This not only lowers energy consumption but also reduces operating costs for production companies.

Transportation remains one of the most significant sources of carbon emissions on set. Moving large amounts of equipment, onscreen talents, and crew to remote locations often involves flights, trucks, and fuel-intensive vehicles. This is particularly problematic for large-scale productions or when filming in hard-to-reach areas. To mitigate these emissions, production teams can consolidate equipment into larger vehicles, such as vans or trucks, to reduce the number of trips needed. Carpooling and encouraging crew members to use public transportation can further reduce transportation-related emissions.

For even greater sustainability, productions can consider investing in electric vehicles (EVs) for transporting equipment and crew. EVs are rapidly becoming more viable for both short and long-distance travel, offering a cleaner alternative to gasoline or diesel-powered vehicles. Additionally, using biofuels in place of traditional fossil fuels can help reduce carbon emissions from transportation while supporting the transition to renewable energy. By investing in these greener transportation methods, video production companies not only lower their carbon footprint but also reap long-term economic benefits through reduced fuel costs and fewer emissions-related expenses.

Limiting Waste Generation

Disposable items are often the go-to for convenience, from water bottles to catering supplies, leading to a substantial increase in plastic waste throughout production. The challenge is even more pronounced when crews are working in remote locations without easy access to sustainable waste management options. One effective solution to minimize this waste is to replace disposable plastics with reusable alternatives. Providing reusable water bottles for crew members and on-screen talent, offering water in large dispensers or jugs rather than single-use plastic bottles, and using reusable cups, plates, and utensils can dramatically reduce plastic consumption.

Furthermore, investing in on-set recycling facilities or collaborating with local organizations that specialize in waste disposal can significantly reduce the environmental impact of production.

Setting up recycling bins for paper, plastic, and metal — along with clear signage to guide the crew — ensures that waste is diverted from landfills and properly sorted.

Catering for large film crews often generates massive amounts of waste, not only through disposable plates and cups but also from food waste. A first step towards reducing this impact is prioritizing reusable silverware, cups, and plates over plastic or paper options. This simple change eliminates a large volume of single-use plastics. Washing dishes on-site rather than using disposables can also save a considerable amount of waste, and this practice can even be an opportunity for branding—reinforcing the production’s commitment to sustainability.

When it comes to the food itself, choosing catering companies that source locally grown, seasonal produce and offer plant-based meals can reduce the production’s carbon footprint. The meat industry is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, so incorporating more plant-based options into meals helps to mitigate the environmental impact. Furthermore, reducing meat consumption to just 1-2 days a week can have a considerable positive effect on sustainability.

Planning food quantities accurately based on the number of crew members and cast on-site helps to minimize food waste. Leftover food can be donated to local shelters or composted, turning food waste into nutrient-rich soil that supports the local ecosystem. By embracing these strategies, productions not only minimize waste but also support local communities, reduce carbon emissions, and set an example for other industries.

Green Pre and Post in Video Production

Energy consumption during both preproduction and postproduction is a major contributor to production’s overall carbon footprint. Studios, offices, and editing suites rely on electricity to power essential equipment like computers, lighting, air conditioning, and sound systems, all of which require significant energy. By transitioning to renewable energy sources—such as solar, wind, or hydroelectric power—production companies can drastically cut their emissions, reducing their environmental impact.

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One effective strategy is to install solar panels on office rooftops or partner with green energy providers to source electricity from renewable grids. Not only does this decrease reliance on fossil fuels, but it also signals a commitment to sustainability that resonates with eco-conscious clients. Additionally, replacing traditional lighting with energy-efficient LEDs and using ENERGY STAR-rated appliances ensures that energy consumption is minimized without sacrificing performance.

When on-location, using energy-efficient LED lights instead of conventional lighting can significantly lower the amount of power required for shoots.

In outdoor shoots or remote locations, backup power solutions are critical for maintaining operations. By swapping diesel generators for battery-powered or biofuel-based systems, productions can significantly reduce harmful emissions while maintaining a steady energy supply. Portable solar power systems and biofuel generators also provide reliable alternatives to fuel-intensive generators, especially in environmentally sensitive locations where traditional energy sources are not viable.

Beyond traditional energy management, companies can adopt strategies like energy storage systems to manage peak energy demands more efficiently. Energy storage systems can store excess renewable energy generated during the day, making it available when needed, further improving sustainability on set.

Saving Energy at the Production Office

The production office is a central hub of activity and, as such, is an ideal place to implement energy-saving practices. One of the most effective ways to improve energy efficiency is by enhancing the insulation of office spaces. Proper insulation helps reduce the energy needed for heating and cooling, cutting down on the reliance on air conditioning and heating systems, which are major energy consumers.

Incorporating smart technologies in the office can further streamline energy use. Installing motion-sensing lights, smart faucets, and automated HVAC systems helps minimize power consumption, especially during non-working hours when resources are often wasted. By using sensors that automatically adjust lighting and temperature based on occupancy, production companies can reduce their overall energy consumption without compromising comfort or productivity.

Additionally, moving toward a paperless environment is crucial for reducing resource waste and promoting efficiency. Digital tools for scheduling, storyboarding, scriptwriting and note-taking eliminate the need for paper-based processes, significantly lowering the production’s waste footprint. For instance, where printing is necessary, switching to recycled paper and eco-friendly inks can help mitigate the environmental impact.

Beyond office equipment and paper use, office culture plays an important role in driving sustainability. Encouraging employees to adopt greener commuting habits—such as carpooling, using public transportation, or cycling—can greatly reduce the office’s carbon footprint. Offering incentives like subsidies for public transport passes, electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in parking areas, and flexible work-from-home policies can help employees make greener transportation choices. As these practices become ingrained in office culture, they help foster a more sustainable, long-term approach to workplace operations.

Implementing these changes in the office not only enhances operational efficiency but also promotes a culture of environmental responsibility. With the right incentives, practices, and tools, production offices can reduce their carbon footprint while encouraging employees to engage in sustainable practices both at work and beyond.

Using Innovation to Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Video Production

Virtual reality (VR) and drone video are revolutionizing how scenes are conceptualized and captured. VR allows filmmakers to visualize and pre-plan scenes in fully immersive digital environments, reducing the need for physical set construction. Similarly, drones offer dynamic aerial shots without the need for fuel-intensive helicopters, minimizing both costs and carbon emissions. Hyperlapse photography—creating stunning time-lapse sequences with precise motion control—can also replace the need for elaborate set pieces or extended shoot schedules, saving resources and energy. These tools not only reduce the physical footprint of production but also open up creative possibilities that were previously unattainable.

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Virtual production technology, such as LED walls and real-time rendering engines, enables filmmakers to create photorealistic backdrops without the need for on-location shoots. Pioneered in productions like The Mandalorian, this approach replaces traditional green screens with immersive digital environments that can be adjusted on the fly. This innovation drastically reduces the need for transportation, set construction, and location scouting, leading to significant cuts in carbon emissions. Moreover, virtual production can minimize retakes by offering precise control over lighting and weather conditions in a controlled environment.

Cloud technology is transforming how media is stored, shared, and accessed. By transitioning from physical servers to cloud-based solutions, production companies can significantly reduce their energy consumption and hardware waste. Cloud platforms also enhance collaboration, allowing teams to work remotely and share assets seamlessly. This reduces the need for travel and physical data transfers, further lowering the production’s carbon footprint. Choosing cloud providers that prioritize renewable energy use amplifies these environmental benefits.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming a valuable tool in green production. AI-driven tools can optimize workflows, reducing resource waste and unnecessary processes. For example, AI can automate editing, script breakdowns, and production scheduling, ensuring efficient use of time and materials. Additionally, AI-powered analytics can help production teams monitor energy usage, identify inefficiencies, and implement solutions in real time. By leveraging data insights, companies can continuously refine their operations to align with sustainability goals.

Leading Change: Creating Industry Standards and Raising Awareness for Sustainable Video Production

Certification programs like the Albert Sustainable Production Certification (BAFTA) provide actionable guidance for promoting environmental awareness and fostering sustainable practices within the film and video production industry. Adopting these standards not only bolsters a production company’s reputation but also delivers tangible economic benefits by lowering long-term operational costs.

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These certifications outline a comprehensive framework for embedding sustainability across every stage of production, from preproduction planning to postproduction workflows. They advocate for the integration of renewable energy sources, the use of eco-friendly set materials, and the implementation of efficient waste management systems.

By adhering to these guidelines, production companies can demonstrate their commitment to environmental responsibility—a value increasingly prioritized by both audiences and industry stakeholders.

Certified productions also gain access to unique resources and incentives aimed at supporting their green initiatives. These benefits may include grants for renewable energy adoption, tax breaks for reducing carbon emissions, and collaborative opportunities with sustainability-focused organizations. Such advantages not only attract eco-conscious clients but also position production companies as leaders in the global shift toward greener practices.

Moreover, certification programs serve as powerful agents of cultural change within the industry. By normalizing sustainability as a core element of production, they encourage widespread adoption of similar practices, fostering collective progress. This shared responsibility amplifies the impact, helping the industry transition toward a more sustainable future while inspiring others to follow suit.

Raising Awareness

When it comes to raising awareness, Hollywood remains on the fence. Despite being a looming threat to the whole of humanity, the subject rarely makes it on screen and is mostly treated as an exaggerated sci-fi phenomenon. The 2021 film Don’t Look Up depicts this quite accurately, with the media downplaying the risks. Recent films have a clear focus on identity politics and being “woke” as many have said, leaving discourse on the environment to the side. Even then, after being dramatized and sprinkled with magic film powder, storylines on global warming supposedly don’t do much to sway the population. Paleoclimatologist David Hyde claimed “This movie is to climate science what Frankenstein is to heart surgery” after being allegedly paid $100 by members of a chatroom to watch amd review The Day After Tomorrow (2004).

Part of the issue lies in the complexity of the climate crisis. Unlike traditional villains, climate change doesn’t have a single, tangible antagonist, it’s a systemic problem involving industries, governments, and individual choices.

The public is more attracted to stories with a clear villain (think Voldemort, Sauron, Thanos), making it harder to sell a story where the perpetrators are not only the customers (us) but also the salesmen (them).

This lack of a central “bad guy” makes it harder to craft a narrative that resonates with audiences. Furthermore, climate stories often risk being perceived as “preachy” or overly didactic, which can alienate viewers who come to movies for entertainment rather than education.

Conclusion

As the film and video production industry continues to grow, so too does its environmental impact. From energy consumption during preproduction and postproduction to the physical waste generated on set, the industry’s carbon footprint is undeniable. However, the shift towards sustainability is gaining momentum, with production companies and industry leaders embracing innovative practices and technologies to reduce their environmental impact. By incorporating renewable energy sources, optimizing energy usage, reducing waste, and adopting green technologies like virtual production, AI, and cloud-based solutions, the industry is proving that it’s possible to create exceptional content while minimizing harm to the planet.

The role of certification programs and the importance of raising awareness within the industry cannot be understated. By setting clear sustainability standards and fostering a culture of responsibility, the industry can create long-lasting change that resonates with audiences and sets the stage for a greener future. Hollywood and beyond have the potential to lead the way, integrating climate-conscious practices into every aspect of production and demonstrating that the future of entertainment can be both entertaining and environmentally responsible.

As filmmakers, producers, and content creators continue to innovate, it’s crucial that sustainability remains a priority in every project, from the first frame to the final cut. Only through collective efforts can we ensure that the stories we tell today don’t cost the earth tomorrow.

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